deployement: 2021

# for defining optional query parameters, we use Optional

# for defining the request body, we use BaseModel

# Get request only take path and query parameter (if you put body then it'll give an error)

# ex. https://something.com/path?query=value

# here path is path parameter and value is query

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):

price: float

is_offer: Optional[bool] = None

@app.get("/")

def read_root():

return {'Hello': 'world'}

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")

def read_item(item_id:int, q:Optional[str]=None):

return {'item_id':item_id, 'query':q}

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

def update_item(item_id:int, item:Item):

return {'item_name':item.name, 'item_id':item_id, 'item_price':item.price}

* like Optional, we can use from typing import Optional, List, Tuple, Set, Dict.

in the request body.

class Item(BaseModel):

price: float

info_type: List[str]

is_offer: Optional[bool] = None

--------------------------------------------------

Query -

from typing import Optional from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") async def read_items( q: Optional[str] = Query( None, title="Query string", description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", min_length=3, regex="^fixedquery$", max_length=50, alias="item-query")): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) return results

So, when you need to declare a value as required while using Query, you can use ... as the first argument:

async def read_items(q: str = Query(..., min_length=3)):

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Enum

If we want to receive a valid path or query parameters then we should use Enum. In swagger, it gives the option to select path parameters

from enum import Enum

class ModelName(str, Enum): alexnet = "alexnet" resnet = "resnet" lenet = "lenet"

It works for Query parameter also but we cant use for body parameter.

-----------------------------------------------------Path:
Same as the Query parameter, we have Path parameter
if we don't want to specify any argument in a specific order, then we have to use * in the front.
from fastapi import FastAPI, Path app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_items(*, item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get"), q: str): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: results.update({"q": q}) return results

We can add validations like gt, gr, lt, le in both Path and Query parameters.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Body:
In the Fast API we can define two request body.
from typing import Optional
from fastapi import FastAPIfrom pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel): name: str description: Optional[str] = None price: float tax: Optional[float] = None

class User(BaseModel): username: str full_name: Optional[str] = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User):
results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user} return results

In this case, two request bodies we have User and Item.

so we have to provide like this

{

"item": {

"name": "Foo",

"description": "The pretender",

"price": 42.0,

"tax": 3.2

"user": {

"username": "dave",

"full_name": "Dave Grohl"

}

* we have to define body which takes only one key value then

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):

description: Optional[str] = None

price: float

tax: Optional[float] = None

class User(BaseModel):

username: str

full_name: Optional[str] = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

async def update_item(

item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body(...)):

results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance}

return results

We can use all validations like gt, lt, ge and le in the Body.

----------------------------------

using Body, we can add validations only for singular but how to add validation inside the body class

answer - using Field

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):

description: Optional[str] = Field(

None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300, example="Foo"

)

price: float = Field(..., gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")

tax: Optional[float] = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)):

results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

return results

using Field, we can add validation to individual key inside class.

--------------------------------------

Nested Body:

from typing import Optional, Set

from fastapi import FastAPI

from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()

class Image(BaseModel):

url: HttpUrl

class Item(BaseModel):

description: Optional[str] = None

price: float

tax: Optional[float] = None

tags: Set[str] = set()

image: Optional[Image] = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

return results

We can add specific validations like url

from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

---------------------------------------

we can add extra data types like int, float and List

like UUID, datetime.datetime, datetime.date, datetime.time, datetime.timedelta, frozenset, bytes, Decimal

from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta

from typing import Optional

from uuid import UUID

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

async def read_items(item_id: UUID, start_datetime: Optional[datetime] = Body(None), end_datetime: Optional[datetime] = Body(None),

repeat_at: Optional[time] = Body(None), process_after: Optional[timedelta] = Body(None)):

start_process = start_datetime + process_after

duration = end_datetime - start_process

return {"item_id": item_id, "start_datetime": start_datetime, "end_datetime": end_datetime, "repeat_at": repeat_at,

"process_after": process_after, "start_process": start_process, "duration": duration }

Here Fast API expect body like

{
  "start_datetime": "2021-08-29T08:07:44.590Z",
  "end_datetime": "2021-08-29T08:07:44.590Z",
  "repeat_at": "string",
  "process_after": 0
}

Headers:

In the Get request, we use Headers along with the Path and Query parameters.

generally, Headers are hyphen separated but since we can't write variable name with hyphen in the python hence Fast API header automatically converts underscore separated into hyphen separated.

i.e. even if we write header as header_name it converts to header-name

we want to disable it then we can do convert_underscores=False

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/items/")

async def read_items(strange_header: Optional[str] = Header(None, convert_underscores=False)):

return {"strange_header": strange_header}

if we want to call this api using python then 

requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/', headers={'strange-header':'header_name'}).json()

---------------------------------------------------------

Response Model:

Sometimes, we want to send users a specific type of response. here response model comes to the rescue.

suppose, we are taking email, password and other details from users and in response want to send everything except the password.

--

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr

app = FastAPI()

class UserIn(BaseModel):

    username: str

    password: str

    email: EmailStr

    full_name: Optional[str] = None

class UserOut(BaseModel):

    username: str

    email: EmailStr

    full_name: Optional[str] = None

@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut)

async def create_user(user: UserIn):

    return user

** In the response model output, if we dont want to send default ones then we can use unset

@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude_unset=True)

** If we want to include or exclude something from the response model response

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",
        "description": "There goes my baz",
        "price": 50.2,
        "tax": 10.5,
    },
}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,

    response_model_include={"name", "description"},

)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]



@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})

async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]

----------------------------------------------

Form Data:

When you need to receive form fields instead of JSON, you can use Form.

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form

app = FastAPI()

@app.post("/login/")

async def login(username: str = Form(...), password: str = Form(...)):

return {"username": username}

to call this request in the python:

requests.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/', data=dict(username='username', password='password')).json()

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

read the file

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()

@app.post("/files/")

async def create_file(file: bytes = File(...)):

return {"file_size": len(file)}

@app.post("/uploadfile/")

async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...)):

return {"filename": file.filename}

If you declare the type of your path operation function parameter as bytes, FastAPI will read the file for you and you will receive the contents as bytes

Have in mind that this means that the whole contents will be stored in memory. This will work well for small files.

upload file:

A file stored in memory up to a maximum size limit, and after passing this limit it will be stored in disk

This means that it will work well for large files like images, videos, large binaries, etc. without consuming all the memory.

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